11 Helpful Additional Resources for Further Reading

Read the resources below to familiarize yourself with the anatomy, function and current segmentation procedures of the MTL.

A :Duvernoy, H. M. (2005). The human hippocampus: Functional anatomy, vascularization and serial sections with MRI (3rd ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag. This resource contains useful information about MR images and the anatomy of the hippocampus. Chapter 4 overviews hippocampal anatomy, while chapter 7 describes the sectional anatomy of the hippocampus and surrounding structures in MRI:

This resource contains useful information about MR images and the anatomy of the hippocampus. Chapter 4 overviews hippocampal anatomy, while chapter 7

describes the sectional anatomy of the hippocampus and surrounding structures in MRI.

B :Insausti, R., Juottonen, K., Soininen, H., Insausti, A. M., Partanen, K., Vainio, P., …Pitkanen, A. (1998). MR Volumetric Analysis of the Human Entorhinal, Perirhinal and Temporopolar Cortices. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 19(4), 659-671. A good segmentation protocol. NB: We do not use the term temporopolar cortices in this current protocol. *Click on citation for full PDF:

A good segmentation protocol. NB: We do not use the term temporopolar cortices in this current protocol. *Click on citation for full PDF.

C :Amaral, R. & Insausti, R. (2004). Hippocampal formation. In J. K. Mai & G. Paxinos (Eds.), The Human Nervous System (3rd ed.). Chapter 24: Hippocampal Formation contains useful subfield figures for segmentation:

Chapter 24: Hippocampal Formation contains useful subfield figures for segmentation.

D :Mueller, S. G., Chao, L. L., Berman, B. & Weiner, M. W. (2011). Evidence for functional specialization of hippocampal subfields detected by MR subfield volumetry on high resolution at 4T. Neuroimage, 56(3), 851-857. This resource outlines functions of the medial temporal lobe ROIs. Figure 1a contains a segmentation example for an older adult participant. *Click on citation for full PDF:

This resource outlines functions of the medial temporal lobe ROIs. Figure 1a contains a segmentation example for an older adult participant. *Click on

citation for full PDF.

E :Kivisaari, S. L., Probst, A., & Taylor, K. L. (2013). The perirhinal, entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices and hippocampus: An overview of functional anatomy and protocol for their segmentation in MR images. In S. Ulmer & O. Jansen (Eds.), fMRI: Basics and Clinical Applications. Berlin: Springer. This resource provides a detailed description of the segmentation procedures of the MTL cortices. Section 19.4 describes the anatomy of the MTL overall, with section 19.4.2 describing a segmentation protocol for the MTL. Figure 19.3 highlights the Gyrus of Schwalbe (a border for the segmentation of perirhinal cortex), referred to in this protocol:

This resource provides a detailed description of the segmentation procedures of the MTL cortices. Section 19.4 describes the anatomy of the MTL overall,

with section 19.4.2 describing a segmentation protocol for the MTL. Figure 19.3 highlights the Gyrus of Schwalbe (a border for the segmentation of perirhinal cortex), referred to in this protocol.

F :Pruessner et al. (2000). Volumetry of hippocampus and amygdala using high-resolution MRI and three-dimensional analysis software: minimizing the discrepancies between laboratories. Cerebral Cortex, 10(4), 433-442:

This paper outlines a protocol to divide the whole hippocampus into the head, body and tail on T1 images. Useful as a reference when alternating between

T1 and T2-weighted images to make a decision on boundaries. *Click on citation for full PDF.

G :Pruessner et al. (2002). Volumetry of temporopolar, perirhinal, entorhinal and parahippocampal cortex from high-resolution MRI images: comparing the variability of the collateral sulcus. Cerebral Cortex, 12(12), 1342-1352:

This paper is a follow-up to the one listed above, with details on dividing the MTL on a T1 image. *Click on citation for full PDF.

H :Daugherty, A. M., Yu, Q., Flinn, R., & Ofen, N. (2015). A reliable and valid method for manual demarcation of hippocampal head, body, and tail. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 41, 115-122.

I :de Flores, R., Berron, D., Ding, S. L., Ittyerah, R., Pluta, J. B., Xie, L., … & Wisse, L. E. (2020). Characterization of hippocampal subfields using ex vivo MRI and histology data: Lessons for in vivo segmentation. Hippocampus, 30(6), 545-564.

J :Raz, N., Daugherty, A. M., Bender, A. R., Dahle, C. L., & Land, S. (2015). Volume of the hippocampal subfields in healthy adults: differential associations with age and a pro-inflammatory genetic variant. Brain Structure and Function, 220(5), 2663-2674.

K :Maass, A., Berron, D., Libby, L. A., Ranganath, C., & Düzel, E. (2015). Functional subregions of the human entorhinal cortex. Elife, 4, e06426.

L : Kim, H., Bernasconi, N., Bernhardt, B., Colliot, O., & Bernasconi, A. (2008). Basal temporal sulcal morphology in healthy controls and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology, 70(22 Part 2), 2159-2165.